Caltran transformer oils for product or technical questions contact your sales representative or calumet product support. Properties of transformer insulating oil powerlink oil. Nodal analysis of oil and gas production systems provides a modern view on the use of nodal analysis techniques to optimize the production from oil and gas wells. See more ideas about transformers, electrical transformers and dry type transformer. Transformer oil conditioning is a stream line oil filtration process of sludge purification, moisture removal and. Organic oils of vegetative or animal origin are good insulators but tend to decompose giving rise to acidic byproducts which attack the paper or cloth insulation around the conductors. Apr 27, 2018 transformer oil is basically an insulating oil. By measuring certain physical and chemical properties of oil, in addition to the concentrations of certain dissolved gases, a num ber of problem conditions associated with either the oil or the transformer can be determined. When held at high temperatures for extended periods in the transformer then oil must keep remains these properties. It is therefore, very important to remove these contaminates and impurities before the oil becomes too degraded to prevent the acids and impurities from causing. Leibfried institute of electrical energy systems and highvoltage technology, university of karlsruhe, germany abstract. Particles on top of the water extend across the water oil interface line which weakens the surface tension between the two liquids. Waste transformer oil as an alternative fuel for diesel. Transformer oil is used in oilfilled electrical power transformers to insulate, stop arcing and corona discharge, and to dissipate the heat of the transformer i.
The main physical and chemical properties tested in transformer oil testing methods are the oils dielectric strength, dissipation factor, flashpoint, color, amount of solid particulate matter, water content, gas content and the oil s acid number. It creates an acceptable level of insulation in combination with the insulating materials used in the conductors and coils. It is utilized in oil filled transformers, highvoltage capacitors, fluorescent lamp ballasts, and highvoltage switches as well as circuit breakers. Heat transfer and rheological properties of transformer oil. Note that approximately 1015% in terms of weight of the oil used for factory tests before transporting the transformer to the operating site remains inside the transformer adsorbed by the solid insulation and deposited on the inner surfaces even after it being emptied before transporting it to the final site. Some specific properties of insulating oil should be considered to determine the serviceability of the oil. It provides a rough indication of the total aromatic content, and relates to the solvency of the oil for.
It is gained from fractional distillation process with the successive processing of crude petroleum. The electrical strength of transformer oil in a transformerboard oil system during moisture nonequilibrium b. Aniline point d611 the aniline point is the temperature at which a mixture of aniline and oil separates. Transformer oil is a refined mineral oil obtained from the fractional distillation of crude petroleum. If not wear a niosh approved respirator that provides adequate protection from measured concentrations of this material. Report on application of probability in risk analysis in oil and gas industry risk analysis in oil and gas industry abstract global demand for energy is rising around the world.
It is commonly used in transformers because of its chemical properties and dielectric strength. Replacement of oil is not necessary and is not recommended due to its heavy cost. Transformer load on the day of the maximum pvpower peak pr 1. Physical and chemical properties of transformer oil.
Transformer oil gas confirm oil integrity and prevent catastrophic failure transformer oil insulates and a cools internal components exposure to electrical and thermal stress. Correlation between pdiv and ift of oil samples at different aging conditions 45 figure 3. The oil is sampled and tested for sludge precipitation every 8 hours over 140 hours of oxidation. Knowing is half the battle, of course, so lets dive in and talk about what this oil does and how its made and graded. Oils vary widely in composition but generally consist of mixed organic compounds. Oil is analyzed for particulate metals such as copper, iron, zinc, and lead. This test serves as an indicator of the potential of the oil to form sludge. Whenever oil lost its properties it needs to be filter. Key characteristics flexural strength electric strength, oil test method iso 178 iso 243 iso 243 units mpa kvmm kv typical values 190 16.
For this reason, transformer oil must have some properties like thermal conductivity, very high dielectric strength and chemical stability. Lr 0 0 6 12 18 24 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 hour of the day temperature c t hot t oil tamb 14. The dielectric properties of oil may vary depending upon the content of gas, moisture, suspended particles and contaminants. Astm d1500 color number the color of a new oil is generally accepted as an index of the degree of refinement.
The specifics for these additives can not be reported because they are confidential, but their production data come from the simapro. These optimally refined transformer oils also possess very good electrical and insulating properties, oxidation stability and controlled low or negative. The mineral oil or synthetic oil in conjunction with paper is mainly being applied as dielectric medium in many of the high voltage apparatus. These include the chemical and causes of the specific physical properties of the test oils. An interfacial pressure between the water and oil interface is the best approach to quantify the alluring atomic power among water and oil. Affects long term stability with time chemical properties of oil change. Transformer oil is used in oil filled electrical power transformers to insulate, stop arcing and corona discharge, and to dissipate the heat of the transformer i. If such compounds are added in any concentration, type ii limits will be applied to oxidation stability data. Here we shall look at the method of the transformer oil filtration by vacuum type dehydration and centrifuge type removal of solids and water separation.
It is used in oilfilled transformers, some types of highvoltage capacitors, fluorescent lamp ballasts north america only, and some types of highvoltage switches and circuit breakers. Given that often the oil used in factory tests is not the one purchased or. All connection areas between the transformer side and the glass syringe, including the drain valve, must be super clean. Dmitri kopeliovich transformer oils insulating oils are dielectric oils used in oilfilled transformers, some high voltage capacitors and circuit breakers, fluorescent lamp ballasts. Transformer oil specifications and important properties for. Moisture content in transformer oil is highly undesirable as it affects the dielectric properties of oil. An internal inspection is necessary only if internal damage is suspected because of external indications of rough handling. Passivators have also been used to improve the oxidation stability of oils.
Keywords contamination, insulation, testing, classification, significance, inhibited abstract insulating oil used in a transformer is commonly known as transformer oil and it serves many purposes of the transformer by the properties associated with it. There are three main functions which transformer oil must. Consideration of esterbased oils as replacements for. Minimal breakdown of the oil occurs under normal operating conditions. It covers multiphase flow through flow lines, wells, chokes and the nearwell reservoir.
Wear metals in oil doble test method pumped cooling systems are susceptible to bearing wear which can create metal particles. Whatever you call it, this high temperature, high resistance oil is used in many of the things which keep our modern world afloat. Transformer oil or insulating oil is an oil that is stable at high temperatures and has excellent electrical insulating properties. Pdf recent progress and challenges in transformer oil. Basics, maintenance, and diagnostics vii contents continued page 4. Product information dissolved gas analysis and supervision of. The oil shall have ability to resist transient voltage stresses caused by lightning strokes and high voltage switching surges.
There is however a certain sensitivity for the used oil whose variations are relatively difficult to interpret. Insulating oils or transformer oils are mineral electrical insulating oils processed from fractional distillation and treatment of crude petroleum. Viscosity of transformer oilsprocess oils viscosity. There should be no significant quantity of furanic compounds detected in new oil. The differences in chemical composition are manifested in differences in fluid properties. Use the following elements for airpurifying respirators. As oil ages, it is contaminated by tiny particles oxidation products of the oil and paper insulation. Oils find frequent use as lubricants, fuels, and solvents. Oil is a generic term for a slippery liquid that wont mix readily with water. Transformer oil also known as insulating oil is a special type of oil which has excellent electrical insulating properties and is stable at high temperatures. Standard specification for mineral insulating oil used in electrical apparatus ieee standar. Sunbelt transformer liquidfilled transformer instruction and maintenance manual 3 4 internal inspection note. My doubt here is that suppose i have an oil natural air natural type of transformer. Jun 03, 2016 transformer oil will be obtained by fractional distillation and subsequent treatment of crude oil.
The transformer oil performs two very important functions. The respective increase or decrease are detrimental to the transformer functioning. Dielectric strength, specific resistance, dielectric dissipation factor. Transformer oil or insulating oil is an oil that is extremely refined mineral oil which is always durable at high temperature and great electrical insulating properties. Dielectric behavior of transformer oil when contaminated and. Transformer oil reservoir must be under positive pressure. Turbidity results of oil samples at different aging conditions 46 figure 3. Loading capacity of standard oil transformers on photovoltaic. The water content in oil also affects the paper insulation of the core and winding of transformer. Properties of good transformer oil are explained in this article.
Finally, future directions and challenges need to be addressed. What is transformer oil and types of transformer oil. It is then treated to remove impurities and to obtain the most desirable properties to make it suitable as an insulating and cooling liquid. The viscosity of oil shall be such that the flow is not significantly impeded. Mineral oils are suitable from the point of electrical properties but tend to form sludge. Feb 16, 2015 optimum performance is assured with initial impregnation and filling of factory by these secured and needed properties. Meanwhile, managing oil and gas projects are becoming more challenging and riskier than ever before. Oil break down analysis bda test is frequently conducting while doing filtration. Alarm devices to signal when pressure, temperature and oil levels deviate from prescribed limits. The compositiondependent electrical conductivity of aln transformer oil nanofluid was investigated at different ambient temperatures. Use the transformers main drain valve for oil collection for the best results.
All these compounds are hydrocarbons, so transformer oil is is a pure hydrocarbon mineral oil. Oilfilled transformers are more efficient, more reliable more compact, more quiet and with longer lifespan than dry transformers. Transformer oil analysis provides a highly accurate indication of the internal condition of a transformer. The assumed energy requirement for producing the transformer oil is given in the table below. To know the carbon type analysis is important to improve product properties, the process efficiency and reliability. Transformers are among the users of oils in these capacities. The properties or parameters of transformer oil are. Correlation between pdiv and turbidity of oil samples at different aging conditions. Transformer oil introduction, types and properties. Particles in oil weaken interfacial tension and lower the ift number. Transformer oil is also referred as insulating oil, it is an oil that is stable at extreme temperatures and has superior electrical insulating characteristics. Insulation oil used in transformer need to have chemical and physical properties in line with the basic functions it needs fulfilling.
In chapter three and four, an extended discussion on the transformer oil properties is made, taking into consideration the eleven most important ones. Moisture the presence of even an extremely small percentage of moisture in the oil is highly detrimental from the insulation viewpoint as it adversely affects the dielectric properties of oil and solid insulation of transformer. The oil exponent n is said to depend upon the cooling state. Vegetable oil has preferable environmental properties compared to mineral oil, most notably rapid and complete biodegradation. Before attempting to draw the sample identify the type of cooling liquid in the transformer.
Transformer oil consists of organic compounds namely parraffins, naphthenes, aromatics and olefins. Procedures for drawing transformer oil samples general sampling electrical insulating oil for laboratory analysis requires care to ensure that the sample is representative of the product being sampled. The global transformer oil market size was estimated at usd 1. In other words, it is an empirically desired coefficient selected for cooling mode to approximately account for a change in the resistance with load. Transformer oilspecifications new linkedin slideshare. Only competent and qualified should open a sealed transformer.
Nanofluids have the potential to become the alternatives of conventional transformer oil for their exquisite electrical and thermal properties. It is used in oilfilled transformers, some types of high voltage capacitors, fluorescent lamp ballasts, and some. Development of thermal and structural design technology. Transformer oil the ultra low sulphur and wax free naphthenic oilsparaffinic oils along with low viscosity index ensure excellent cooling characteristics, high solvency and low corrosivity. Liquidfilled transformer instruction and maintenance manual. However, the advent of high voltage levels such high voltage alternating current hvac and high voltage direct current hvdc has prompted researchers to direct their focus onto an insulation system which can bear the rising high voltage levels. The all important dielectric strength of transformer oil will be greatly reduced by the presence of fibers, water, and other contaminates found in the oil. The thermophysical properties of the newly developed transformer oil based nano.
Transformer oil and its properties electrical transformers. Standard astm d3238 defines how to calculate the carbon distribution and ring content of olefinfree petroleum oils from measurement of refractive index, density and molecular weight by n. Transformer oil maintenance electric energy online. Several technologies are introduced to treat mutual inductor oil, insulating oil, switch oil and also for the transformer oil. The oil shall be thin enough to penetrate into narrow ducts and assist in the circulation through transformer winding to prevent local over healing. Ooo kuliginskoe llc is strongly committed to conducting its business affairs with honesty and integrity and in full compliance with all laws, rules and regulations applicable. Oil quality properties tests performed on oil quality bottle. By maintaining a high oil quality, the transformer is able to perform to its original design specification regarding overvoltage. A study of the properties of electrical insulation oils and of the. As naphthenic based oil is easily available in india and india has quite warm temperature, therefore naphthenic based oil is used.
A used oil having a high acid number indicates the oil is either oxidized or contaminated with materials such as varnish, paint or other foreign matter. Investigation on the electrical conductivity of transformer. Transformer oil is a required addition to electrical transformers. Aluminumnitridealn transformer oil based nanofluid was prepared by dispersing aln nanoparticles in transformer oil. Heat transfer and rheological properties of transformer oiloxidized mwcnt nanofluid article pdf available in journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 1183. Jun 10, 2017 the ieee limits are split into categories for 230kv. The filtration process is doing until the desired properties of oil are achieved.
Who we are leading supplier of insulating oils and services in the uk 60 year historyexperience 20,000mta static reclamation plant at stanlow collect and reclaim up to 15,000mta of uto manufacture rto to bs148 std recondition and regenerate oil inservice onsiteinsitu provide sample analysis and technical support in transformer. The ultra low sulphur and wax free naphthenic oilsparaffinic oils along with low viscosity index ensure excellent cooling. Avoid costly downtime and possible transformer replacement by maintaining your transformers insulating oil properties at the established design criteria of the equipment manufacturer. Safety data sheet section 1 identification of the substancemixture and of the companyundertaking 1.
The insulation and cooling properties of the transformer are effected by the quality of the oil. After certain period of time of operation in the transformer, the oil is thrown out in the form of waste. Esterbased oils as replacements for transformer mineral oil psuecepge009 ash point and the re point of the ester uid. A study of the properties of electrical insulation oils and. The results indicate the nonlinear dependences of the electrical conductivity on volumetric fraction and temperature. For given oil, the dissipation factor is one of the factors that present the less sensitivity to water content variations. It is used in oil filled transformers, some types of highvoltage capacitors, fluorescent lamp ballasts north america only, and some types of highvoltage switches and circuit breakers. Transformer oil have negligible amount of contamination which have adverse effect on the electrical properties 2. Properties of transformer oil industrial lubricants, oils. Preparation of three types of transformer oilbased.
Aging, oxidation, vaporization, electrolytic action, and. Gray transformer chemistry services introduction the fault free operation of power transformers is a factor of major economic importance and safety in power supply utilities and industrial consumers of electricity. A transformer oil processing sequence is disclosed which produces a superior oil without the use of large doses of sulfuric acid and the resultant sludge problems. Filters at the discharge of all pumps to catch metal cuttings that might be released from the pump impellers and gears.
Transformer oil market share industry analysis and forecast. Automatic heat regulation to maintain the oil at a temperature to prevent damage to the insulating properties. The process comprises contacting a naphthenic based oil with an oxygencontaining gas in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid under mild conditions of temperature and pressure and caustic washing the resultant product. So, the transformer oil primary functions are cooling and insulating the transformer. Its functions are to insulate, suppress corona discharge and arcing, and to.
Expansion in the power sector to meet growing electricity requirements has driven significant progress in the transformers industry. Report on application of probability in risk analysis in oil. Flush approximately 2 to 3 liters of oil before taking the sample. Physicochemical properties of transformer mineral oils. Aug 30, 2019 transformer oil also known as insulating oil is a special type of oil which has excellent electrical insulating properties and is stable at high temperatures. Transformer oil testing by robert turcotte, manager, electrical loss control the hartford steam boiler inspection and insurance company the value of transformer oil testing transformer oil testing is a proven loss prevention technique which should be a part of any conditionbased predictive maintenance program. Because these generate a lot of heat that must be removed, they need to be insulated and they have to resist sparking, the physical and chemical properties of certain oils make them ideal for use in transformers and capacitors.
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